GC-MS analysis of aqueous extract of Nymphaea lotus and ameliorative potential of its biosynthesized gold nanoparticles against cadmium-induced kidney damage in rats

Plants possess compounds serving as reducing agents for green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which is currently considered biomedical application. Exposure to cadmium (Cd) can affect the functional integrity several organs such kidney and liver. Nymphaea lotus (NL) known its medicinal properties, including protective role against tissue damages. This study investigated bioactive in NL using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) ameliorative potential biosynthesized AuNPs (NL-AuNPs) Cd-induced nephrotoxicity rats. The presence N. was by GC-MS aqueous extract NL. Gold were synthesized Thirty rats grouped into six (n = 5). Group 1 served control, while group 2, 3, 4 5 received CdCl2 (10 mg/kg) orally five days. Thereafter, groups 4, 5, respectively, silymarin (75 mg/kg), 10 mg/kg NL-AuNPs, 14 days, 6 NL-AuNPs only. Rats sacrificed after treatment, biochemical parameters histopathology evaluated. Bioactive pharmacological importance identified include pyrogallol, oxacyclohexadecan-2-one, 22-Desoxycarpesterol, 7,22-Ergostadienol, β-sitosterol Dihydro-β-agarofuran. Cadmium caused rats, evidenced significant (p < 0.05) increase levels function markers (serum urea creatinine) inflammatory (Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)) when compared with control. These changes significantly ameliorated spherically-synthesized (25–30 nm) more potent damage induced Cd but high doses (≥10 could be suggested toxic. phytochemicals capable salts nanoparticle form, up safe treatment renal occasioned cadmium.